|
|
iswK
stUzYNts PYzrysLn vwloN ivrsf sMBfl ivsLv iswK sMmyln qihq PiqhgVH sfihb
ivKy nOjvfn kfnPrMs kIqI geI. ies sMmyln qihq krvfey jfx vfly vwK-vwK smfgmF
ivwcoN iewk hox dy bfvjUd vI ieh smfgm ies kfrn KLfs qOr `qy ijLkr krn Xog
hY ik ieh ies sdI df pihlf aYsf iekwT sI ijs nUM vIhvIN sdI dy mhfn iswK
sLhId sMq jrnYl isMG KLflsf iBMzrFvfilaF dI Xfd ivwc krvfieaf igaf aqy ijs
df sMbMD kOm dy BivwK dI afs dy kyNdr Bfv nOjvfnF nfl sI. PiqhgVH sfihb ivKy
iewk pYlys ivwc krvfey gey ies smfgm dI sLurUafq s[ krmjIq isMG (sfbkf
sih-sMpfdk, pMjfbI itRibAUn) dy AuDGftnI BfsLx nfl hoeI, ijnHF ny sMq jrnYl
isMG jI dI pRBfvsLflI sLKLsLIaq aqy AunHF dI by-imsfl sLhfdq sMbMDI afpxy
anuBv nUM nOjvfnF nfl sfJf kIqf. smfmg dy dUsry bulfry s[ gurpRIq isMG
aYzvokyt sn ijnHF ny ‘nOjvfnF df mOjUdf smyN ivwc rol’ ivsLy `qy afpxy ivcfr
pysL kridaF ikhf ik cyqnqf mnuwK dI hoNd df aDfr hY. iksy vI kOm df BivwK
ies gwl Auwqy inrBr krdf hY ik Aus dy nOjvfn vrg dI cyqnqf df kI pwDr hY aqy
Auh afpxy ivrsy pRqI ikMny ku sMjLIdf hn.
AunHF ikhf ik mnuwK iksy vI smwisaf dy hwl leI AuMnI dr qwk Xqn nhIN krdf ijMnI
dyr qwk Aus nUM smwisaf mihsUs nhIN huMdI aqy smwisaf hmysLF AudoN hI mihsUs
hoxI sLurU huMdI hY jdoN mnuwK aMdr cyqnqf df ivgfs huMdf hY. AunHF ikhf ik
nOjvfnF df awj iehI PrjL hY ik afpxy ivrsy nUM pihcfxidaF vwD qoN vwD igafn
hfisl krn qF hI Auh kOm dIaF smwisafvF df hwl kr skxgy.
ies qoN bfad iswK stUzYNts
PYzrysLn dy sfbkf pRDfn s[ syvk isMG ny ‘mnoivigafnk jMg dy isDFqk pihlU aqy
iswK rfjnIqI’ ivsLy `qy afpxy ivcfr pysL kridaF ikhf ik ik iewQy pihl dy aDfr `qy
ivcfrn Xog nukqf ieh hY ik gurbfxI ivwc vI vfr-vfr mn nUM sMboDn kIqf igaf hY
aqy jpu jI sfihb dI pMkqI ‘min jIqY jgu jIqu’ dy arQ awj viakqIgq, smfijk,
rfjnIqk, afriQk aqy mnoivigafnk pwDr `qy bhuq hI jorfvr rUp ivwc Aujfgr ho rhy
hn. mOjUdf smyN ivwc hryk sLkqI dUsrI iDr dy mn `qy kfbU pfAux dy Xqn kr rhI hY.
koeI vI jMg kyvl hiQafr dy pwDr qwk hI sIimq nhIN huMdI, blik jMg ies qoN vI
awgy jf ky ivroDI dy isDFq nUM KLqm krn aqy Aus dy ivcfrF nUM afpxf gLulfm
bxfAux qwk jfrI rihMdI hY. jdoN iewk iDr afpxy ivroDIaF dy mn Auwpr kfbU pfAux
dy Xqn krdI hY qF ies vrqfry nUM mnoivigafnk jMg ikhf jFdf hY. ies jMg df iewk
muwK pihlU hiQafr ivwc mfr Kf cuwkI iDr dy mnobl nUM pUrI qrHF mlIafmyt krnf
huMdf hY. hiQafr dI lVfeI ivwc kmjLor pY cuwkI iDr dy lokF `qy ies qrHF dy
mnoivigafnk hmly kIqy jFdy hn ik AunHF lokF dY idlF ivwcoN ijwq df supnf hI KLqm
kr idwqf jFdf hY. jdoN koeI mnuwK jF kOm afpxy mn ivwc hfr kbUl lYNdf hY qF Auh
sdf leI ivroDI iDr df gulfm ho jFdf hY. ies smuwcy pihlU nUM iswKF nfl joVidaF
AunHF ikhf ik iswK dI lVfeI awj mnoivigafnk pwDr `qy hY. iswKF dy mnF ivwc awj
ieh gwl ibTfAux dy Xqn kIqy jf rhy hn ik kOm nfl ipClI sdI ivwc vfpry GwlUGfry
aqy pMjfb dI durgqI iswKF dI afpxI glqI df hI nqIjf hY. pMjfb dI nOjvfn pIVHI
afpxI ivrfsq nUM BuwldI jf rhI hY. AunHF ikhf ik ies smuwcy vrqfry df tfkrf gurU
gRMQ sfihb jI dI ivwclI ivcfrDfrf nUM jIvn dy aml ivwc Auqfrn nfl hI ho skygf.
‘vIhvIN sdI dI iswK rfjnIqI’ pRiswD ikqfb
ilKLx vfly iswK icMqk s[ ajmyr isMG ny cyqnf dI gwl kridaF ikhf ik ‘jy quhfnUM
rsqy dI pihcfx nhIN qF quhfzf sfrf jLor aqy sfrI imhnq ajFeI hI clI jFdI hY,
cfhy qusIN ijMny mrjI iemfndfr hovo’. AunHF ikhf ik purfqn ieiqhfs ivwc iswKF ny
do qrHF dy hflfqF df sfhmxf kIqf sI. iswK jF qF rfj kr rhy huMdy sn aqy jF rfj
pRfpqI leI sMGrsL kr rhy huMdy sn. pr 1849 qoN bfad iswKF ny afpxy ieiqhfs ivwc
pihlI vfr qIsrI siQwqI df sfhmxf kIqf jdoN nf qF Auh rfj kr rhy sn aqy nf hI rfj
leI lVH rhy sn. ies smyN pMQ ivwc AupjI smJOqy aDIn ijEx dI ibrqI zUZ sdI qwk
iswK isafsq `qy BfrU rhI. ieh sMq jrnYl isMG hI sn ijnHF ny ies siQwqI dI pihcfx
kIqI aqy ies nUM gulfmI df nF idwqf. sMq jrnYl isMG ny iswKF afpxy isDFq `qy KVH
ky shI rfh Auwqy cwlx dI gwl dwsI aqy AunHF ny ies gwl `qy pihrf idMidaF hoieaF
sLhfdq idwqI. sMq jrnYl isMG ny puhfqn ieiqhfs nUM dhurfieaf. ies qrHF sMq jrnYl
isMG jI dI sLKLsLaq kOmI cyqnf dy AuBfr df kyNdr bxI.
ies smfgm dOrfn nOjvfnF nfl ivcfr sFJy
kridaF BfeI dljIq isMG ny ikhf ik iswK kOm df mOjUdf sMGrsL rfjnIqk jF afriQk
smwisafvF qoN pRyirq nf ho ky isDFqk ivroD df nqIjf hY| ieh sMGrsL gurU nfnk
sfihb dy smyN hI sLurU ho igaf sI aqy iesdf pRyrk afp akfl purK hY, jo nf qF
jLulm krn leI pRyrq krdf hY aqy nf hI jLulm sihx dI afigaf dyNdf hY| 20vIN sdI
ivc ieh buinafdI ivcfr sMq jrnYl isMG KLflsf iBMzrFvfilaF dI sLKsIaq rfhIN
Aujfgr hoieaf| BfeI sfihb ny kOm ivc jo kuJ cyqnf awj bcI hoeI hY, ieh iswK
nOjvfnF vloN ipCly dhfikaF dOrfn lVy gey sMGrsL df hI nqIjf hY| AunHF ies cyqnf
ƒ isDFqk spwsLtqf dyx dI loV ’qy jLor idwqf| AunHF afs drsfeI ik awj dy nOjvfn
kOm ƒ ies ibKVI siQqI aqy inrfsLqf ivcoN AuBfrn ivc jLrUr sPl hoxgy|
dmdmI tksfl (jQf iBMzrF, mihqf) dy muKI
bfbf hrnfm isMG KLflsf iBMzrFvfilaF aqy bfbf srbjoq isMG bydI ny vI nOjvfnF nfl
ivcfrF dI sFJ pfeI| smfgm dy aMq ivwc iswK stUzYNts PYzrysLn dy pRDfn BfeI mnDIr
isMG ny ies smfgm nUM krn dI buwDI aqy smrwQf bKLsLx leI sB qoN pihlF akfl purK
df sLukrfnf kIqf. AunHF smfgm ivwc sfiml hoey smUh ivdvfnF, pMQk sLKLsLIaqF aqy
sroiqaF df DMnvfd kIqf. ies smfgm ivwc styj skwqr dI syvf PYzrysLn dy pRYs skwqr
prmjIq isMG gfjLI ny inBfeI. ies mOky ’qy sLRomxI KLflsf dl dy kyNdrI kmytI
mYNbr s[ suirMdrpfl isMG, s[ suirMdr isMG iksLnpurf, PYzrysLn dy jnrl skwqr
hrdyv isMG, kuldIp isMG, guribMdr isMG ipRMs, kmljIq isMG, bljIq isMG, jspRIq
isMG, mnijMdr isMG, blivMdr isMG AuWBf, amrIk isMG, jspfl isMG qoN ielfvf vwzI
igxqI ivc nOjvfnF ny isLrkq kIqI| |
