|
pMjfb
ivc cwl rhI juJfrU iswK nOjvfnF dI lihr ƒ smJx leI iswK ienklfb df cirwqr
aqy ies dy vfady smJxy jLrUrI hn| ieh lihr awj isLwdq nfl AuWBrI hY ikAuNik
ieiqhfs ivc Auh vfady pUry nhIN ho sky, jo supny gurU sfihbfn dy gey hn aqy
ijnHF dy pRBfv Qwly iswK nOjvfn pldf hY AunHF dI pUrqI afjLfdI qoN ipCoN dy
BfrqI sMgTn ivc vI nhIN ho skI| nf hI brfbr koeI eyzf vwzf supnf idwqf jf
sikaf ijs nfl Auh AumIdF aqy ienHF dy swc nf ho skx qoN afey sMkt ivc nOjvfn
iksy hor idsLf vwl vwD skdy|
gurU
sfihbfn dI lihr iek ienklfb sI ies ivc koeI sMdyh nhIN| rUsI lyKk rysiqslfv
AuilafnOvskI ny afpxI 1981 ivc mfsko qoN CpI pusqk 'agRyrIan ieMzIaf ibtvIn
dI vrlz vfrjL' ivc iswK lihr ƒ “ienklfb” afiKaf hY| ienklfb iksy dysL dy
lokF ƒ bhu-pwKI sMkt qoN mukq krvfAuNdf hY| ies nfl muwZlIaF qbdIlIaF
vfprdIaF hn| jo sMsQfvF, ivcfr aqy sMgTn lokF dy Aucqm ivkfr dy rfh ivc
aiVwkf bxdy hn, AunHF ƒ qoV-BMn ky nvIN isrjnf kIqI jFdI hY| ies sdI ivc rUs
aqy cIn ivc afey ienklfb iesy pRkfr dy hn| rUs dy lok jLfrsLfhI aqy ies nfl
pl rhy pUMjIvfd ivc ies qrHF luwt rhy aqy ivnfsL ho rhy sn ik AunHF df hr
pwKoN ivkfs ruk igaf sI| cIn ivc sfmMqI pRbMD aqy ies nfl vwD rhy shfiek
pUMjIvfd ny vI cInI lokF dy swiBafcfrk aqy afriQk ivkfs ivc rukfvt pYdf kr
idwqI sI| lYinn ny rUs ivc aqy mfE ny cIn ivc ienHF sMkt siQqIaF qoN lokF ƒ
mukq kIqf| lokF ƒ sMgiTq krky AunHF sB rfjsI qfkqF ƒ hfr idwqI jo ieiqhfs ƒ
jwPf mfr ky bYTy sn, ijnHF ny ieiqhfs df phIaf jfm kIqf hoieaf sI|
iswK
ienklfb ƒ vfprn ivwc koeI ZfeI sO sfl lwgy| ieh smF gurU nfnk sfihb qoN lY
ky bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr qwk df hY| iswK lihr Bfrq dy ieiqhfs ivc afey iek
sMkt ivwcoN AuBrI sI| ieh sMkt mugLl slqnq aqy Aus smyN dy aDogq bRfhmxvfdI
smfj dI pYdfvfr sI| slqnq ny ijs qrHF sulqfn jF sLihnsLfh aqy Aus dy shfiek
nvfbF dI aYsLo-iesLrq leI smuwcf arQcfrf sMgiTq kIqf sI Aus ivc iksfnI dI
bhuq mMdI hflq sI| lY dy ky iksfn kol afpxI pYdfvfr df kyvl cflI PIsdI hI
rih jFdf sI, keI vfr ies qoN vI Gwt| ies nfl Ausdf gujLfrf nhIN ho skdf sI|
AuqoN jLmIn Auqy mflkI Aus dI nhIN sI| jdoN srkfr cfhy, Koh lvy| sulqfn aqy
Aus dy sfmMqI (jfgIrU) shfiek ny vpfr leI vI kuJ pirvfrF ƒ hI pfilaf hoieaf
sI| CotI vxj vfly, ivsLysL krky ngrF ivc rihx vfly, kfPI aOKy sn|
mugLÜ
slqnq dy arQcfry ivc iksfn aqy Coty vxj vfly brfbr duKI sn| ies duwK ƒ
inpuMsk jF nfmrd bxfAux ivc ihMdU vrg-pRbMD aqy vydFqk pRkfr dI krmvfdI
ivcfrDfrf hor shfieqf kr rhy sn| smuwcf smfj lotU arQcfry qy inpuMsk
ivcfrDfrf df dIrG isLkfr sI|
gurU
sfihbfn dI ienklfbI ivsLysLqf ies ivc sI ik AunHF ny mugLlF dy arQcfry dy sB
qoN vwzy aiDkfrI Auqy hmlf kIqf| AunHF mugLl pfqsLfh jF sulqfn ƒ “kUiV”
afiKaf| Aus dy lotU aihlkfrF aqy shfiekF ƒ “kuwqy” ikhf| ienHF JUTy aqy
“kuwqy” lotUaF dy brfbr “swcy pfqsLfh” df sMklp idwqf| ieh swcf pfqsLfh sB
qoN Aupr hY, inrBY hY| qlvfr vI ies df iek rUp hY| ieh, swcf pfqsLfh afpxy
“BgqF” dI jF “gurmuKF” dI rwiKaf krdf hY aqy dusLtF df nfsL krdf hY|
gurU
nfnk dyv jI dI bfxI ivc sulqfn aqy Aus dI Aupr qoN Qwly qk dI pUrI mMzlI
Auqy XojnfbwD hmlf hY| bfkI gurU sfihbfn ny vI afpxI ipCoN ilKI bfxI ivc ieh
hmlf krn vfly aqy ies ivc ijwq hfsl krn vfly mnuwK dI isrjnf Auqy jLor idwqf|
ies dI bxqr, mUl rUp ivc, gurU nfnk sfihb afpxI bfxI ivc dy gey sn| ieh
mnuwK sI “gurmuK”| bfkIaF gurUaF ny gurmuK aqy ies dy ivroDI mnmuK dy
cirwqrF bfry ivsQfr nfl iliKaf| ienHF nvINaF socF nfl gurU sfihbfn ny
ivcfrDfrk qOr 'qy nvF iensfn pYdf kIqf jo mugLl slqnq nfl twkr lYx aqy
jfq-pfq dy bRfhmxvfdI smfj ƒ AultfAux dy Xog sI| jdoN gurU hirgoibMd sfihb
ny 1606 eI: ivc akfl qKLq bxf ky mIrI-pIrI ƒ iek kr idwqf qF ieh rcy gey
ienklfbI iensfn dy aYksLn pRogrfm df aYlfn sI| ies nvyN AuBr rhy ienklfbI
pursL ny iek nvyN bdl, iek nvyN pRbMD dI nINh DrnI sI| 1699 eI: ivc afnMdpur
sfihb ivc ieh nINh DrI geI|
gurU
goibMd isMG jI ny phul Ckf ky iek nvyN ienklfbI pRbMD jF sMgTn df aYlfn kr
idwqf| ies df nF “KLflsf” rwiKaf igaf| vwK-vwK jfqF aqy iKwiqaF ivcoN cuxy
pMj ipafiraF awgy afpxy afp ƒ smripq kr ky gurU sfihb ny sQfipq kr idwqf ik
ieh nvF sMgTn iek purKI rfj qoN mukq, smUhvfdI, ikrq aqy brfbrI Auqy afDfirq
hovygf| ies dI aiDafqimk lIzrisLp gurU gRMQ sfihb kol hovygI| gurU gRMQ
sfihb dI ivafiKaf aqy ies Auqy aDfirq rfjnIqk idsLf df PYslf smuwcf pMQ
krygf|
PrFs
dy ienklfb qoN 90 sfl pihlF aqy rUsI ienklfb qoN 218 sfl pihlF afnMdpur
sfihb ivc vfprI ieh Gtnf mnuwKI ieiqhfs ivc iek cmqkfr hY| mnuwK dI iek
aduwqI pRfpqI hY| gOrv vflI gwl ieh hY ik iswK ienklfb isKr Auqy ilaf ky ies
ƒ iek pUrn rfjnIqk ivdroh aqy aMqm aYksLn ivc bdlx qoN pihlF koeI do sO sfl
qk ivcfrDfrk qbdIlI ilaFdI geI| iek nvyN mfnisk aqy srIrk pRbMD vflf iensfn
ricaf igaf| ies dIaF rgF ivc dOVn vflf KUn iek nvyN mfzl qoN pRyrxf lYNdf sI|
ies ivicwqrqf kfrn hI ieh ienklfbI iensfn smJOqfvfdI nhIN ho skdf sI| hrbrt
mfrkUjLy ny 'aYn aYsy aOn ilbrysLn' ivc TIk iliKaf hY ik mn aqy srIr dy iek
nvyN sMXog qoN ibnf prmfixk ienklfbI bxnf kiTn hY| smuwcy hfv-Bfv (rYspONs
isstm) bdlx dI loV hY| koeI hYrfnI vflI gwl nhIN ik iswK gurIly sO sfl qk
jMglF ivc rih ky mugLlF aqy ivdysLI DfVvIaF nfl lVdy rhy| ies qrHF dI lVfeI
leI jƒn dI hwd qk vcn-bwDqf cfhIdI hY jo ies ienklfbI kol sI|
iswK
imslF ny aqy ipCoN mhfrfjf rxjIq isMG ny Gsmfx dy XuwDF nfl afKr AuWqrI ihMd
ivc iek nvF rfj sQfipq kr ilaf| rxjIq isMG ƒ koeI swqr sfl ielfky ijwq ky
rfj pwkf krn ivc hI lwg gey| BfvyN Aus ny afpxy rfj ivc Drm, ivcfr pwKoN
iksy nfl koeI ivqkrf nf kIqf, afpxy mMqrI mMzl ivc vI keI DrmF dy pRqIinD
rwKy, POjI tryinMg leI ivdysLIaF ƒ vI lfieaf pr iswK ienklfb df iek gOrvsLIl
vfadf Auh vI pUrf nf kr sikaf| Auh sI aijhf arQcfrf rcxf ijs ivc brfbrI hovy|
BfvyN iksfnF nfl hmdrdI, tYksF ivc rfhq afid dIaF sB imsflF mOjUd hn pr
sLfied vkq dI Gft kfrn aqy kuJ afDuink iksm dy ivigafnkF dy Gwt ivkisq hox
kfrn Auh brfbrI dy vfady ƒ nvF arQcfrf dy ky pUrf nf kr sikaf| BUmI-vfhI
AuvyN hI kfiem rhI|
aMgryjL
sfmrfj dy afAux Auqy pMjfbI iksfnF ny BUmIdfrI ivruwD asMqosL pRgt kIqf|
aMgryjLF ny pihlF qF pMjfb dy sDfrn iksfn ƒ KusL krn leI vwzI ijLMmIdfrI jF
astRyt Kqm kIqI pr ipCoN Pyr bhfl kr idwqI qF ik iswK BUmIpqIaF ƒ vriqaf jf
sky| iPr sfmrfjIaF ny ijs qrHF pMjfb dI afriQkqf ƒ nIm jF pUry jfgIrdfrI
aMsLF nfl afpxI lotU afriQkqf df ihwsf bxfieaf, Aus nfl iksfn kol afpxI
pYdfvfr df pMjvF ihwsf hI bcx lwgf| bhuqy Coty iksfn sUd-KorF aqy afVHqIaF
dy gLulfm ho gey|
vMz
qoN ipCoN AumId sI ik afjLfd Bfrq ivc aijhI afriQkqf AusfrI jfvygI jo pMjfb
dy sDfrn iksfn aqy inmn mwD vrg ƒ rfhq dy sky| pr “smfjvfd” dy nfary dy
bfvjUd jgIrdfrI aMsLF nfl smJOqf kr ky pUMjIpqI arQcfrf KVHf kr idwqf igaf|
ies arQcfry ivc sDfrx iksfn aqy inmn mwD-vrgF dI hflq bhuqI TIk nhIN hoeI|
ijs anusfr nfl dysL dI pUMjI vDI hY, Aus anusfr ienHF vrgF dI afmdn ivc vfDf
nhIN hoieaf| sgoN jLmIn dI pYdfvfr aqy ies dIaF vwD pUMjI nf krn dIaF sIimq
sMBfvnfvF df igafn hor viDaf hY|
ijs
afriQk aqy rfjnIqk brfbrI df vfadf iswK ienklfb ny idwqf sI Auh nf mhfrfjf
rxjIq isMG dy rfj ny pUrf kIqf, nf aMgryjLI sfmrfj ny aqy nf hI afjLfd Bfrq
dy arQcfry ny| pYdf hox vflI pUMjI df hI bhuqf ihwsf ieko jmfq hVwp kr rhI
hY| awj cwl rhI juJfrU iswK nOjvfnF dI lihr ijs ieiqhfs aqy ivcfrDfrf qoN
pRBfivq hY Auh ies vfady ƒ pUiraF krn nfl sbMDq hY| nvIN iswiKaf ny nOjvfnF
dI ies bfry sMvydnf ƒ hor vI vDf idwqf hY|
ies
qoN vI vwD ieh ik juJfrU, iswK ienklfb ivc rcy gey Aus iensfn dy AuqrfiDkfrI
hn jo nvyN arQcfry dy supny dy nfl iek bdly hoey mfnisk aqy srIrk sMXog df
vI mflk hY| ies ƒ “shj” aqy “afqm ris” ivc rihx df AuWcf afdrsL idwqf igaf
hY| ieh afdrsL pUMjIvfd dy sLKLsIaq ƒ vMzx iKlfrn aqy qoVn-PoVn vfly pRbMD
ivc Pl nhIN skdf| ies leI juJfrUaF dy ivdroh dIaF jVHF pMjfb dy ieiqhfs aqy
smkflI pUMjIvfd dI asPlqf ivc hn| ies ivdroh lihr qoN BfrqI pRbMDkF ƒ sbk
iswKxy cfhIdy hn| “dihsLqvfd” jF “iPrkfpRsqI” kih ky gLYr-ijLMmyvfr nhIN
bxnf cfhIdf aqy nf hI ieh kih ky afpxI asPlqf aqy sImf Auqy prdf pfAuxf
cfhIdf hY|
iswK
ienklfb dy vfady pUry krn leI juJfrU ijs qrHF vcnbwD hn, Aus leI AunHF dI
pUMjIpqI pRbMD nfl twkr rokI nhIN jf skdI| akflI dl dy nyqf, jo bhuqy vwzy
ijLmIdfrF jF pUMjIpqIaF ivcoN hn, ies twkr ƒ asPl bxfAuxf cfhuxgy ikAuNik
Auh afpxI mflkI aqy Aus dy suwK iqafg nhIN skdy| AunHF leI brfbrI, mlkIaq
nfl sbMD nhIN rwKdI| isrP lMgr ivc brfbr bxfAux qk hI sIimq hY|
akfl
qKLq dy jQydfr dI ijLMmyvfrI iswK ienklfb dy vfady pUry krvfAux ivc hY| jo
vrg ieh vfady pUry krvf skdf hY isrP Aus ƒ hI awgy ilafAux ivc isafxp hY| jy
akflI dl rokdf hY qF hux vfly ƒ qoV ky Xuvk-pRDfn, BivwK muKI aqy ivcfrDfrk
qOr 'qy cyqMn akflI dl bxfieaf jfvy|
juJfrUaF dy iek gruwp ‘bwbrF’ ny afpxy iek pYNPilt ivc sfP iliKaf hY ik
AunHF dI lVfeI “mnuwKqf ivc peIaF kuwl gLYr-kudrqI vMzIaF” imtfAux leI hY|
Auh aijhf rfj rcxf cfhMudy hn ijs ivc “iejfrydfr qy srmfeydfr jLflmF,
mjLlUmF dy duwD-pwuq, gLYrq qy iewjLq dI blI lY ky aYsL dI ijLMdgI leI
Ausfry bihsLq nhIN rihxgy|”
ieh
juJfrU eynI vrg-cyqnqf rwKdy hn, ieh sMqoK vflI gwl hY, pr AunHF ƒ ieh vI
smJx dI loV hY ik ieh lVfeI 'ihMdU sfmrfj' nfl nhIN sgoN kyNdr dy pUMjIvfdI
aqy Aus dy shfiek jgIrdfrI gRoh nfl hY jo afpxIaF lotU-ivAuNqF awgy nf Jukx
vflI hr svY-cyqMn swiBafcfrk iekfeI ƒ qoVnf cfhuMdf hY BfvyN Auh iswK hovy,
BfvyN nfgf aqy BfvyN mIjLo| iksy lotU df koeI Drm nhIN huMdf| Auh Drm ƒ lwut
leI isrP vrqdf hI hY| |
