|
pMjfb
msly df koeI gMBIr ividafrQI ies qwQ awKoN Ehly nhIN kr skdf ik ies rfj dI
ajokI hflq, ivsLysL krky iswK nOjvfnF dI ivrwkq ihMsf, Bfrq dy Kwby pwK dIaF
pMjfb bfry bdldIaF pujLIsLnF nfl vI sbMiDq hY| ies Kwby pwK qoN Bfv vMz qoN
pihlF sMgiTq BfrqI kimAUinst pfrtI aqy Aus dy ajoky suqMqr ihwsy, sI[pI[afeI[
aqy sI[pI[aYm[ hn kyvl iek dhfkf pihlF pMjfb dy sB kfljF qy XUnIvristIaF ivc
Kwbf pwK hI ividafrQI XUnIanF leI afpxy AumIdvfr ijqf skdf sI| KwibaF qoN
pryH jfx vfly ivakqI ipCfKV smiJaf jFdf sI| pr awj siQqI iblkul bdl cuwkI
hY| iksy kflj jF XUnIvristI ivc Kwby pwK dI pRBuqf kfiem nhIN rhI| jo
mfrksvfdI-smfjvfdI supnf pMjfbI nOjvfnF aqy XuvqIaF dIaF awKF ivc ltkdf
huMdf sI, acncyq alop ho igaf hY|
ieh
ies leI vfpiraf ikAuNik KwbIaF rUVHIgq pfrtIaF pMjfbI smfj dI qbdIlI aqy
nv-sMgTn leI iek ivigafnk aqy pRyrxfsLIl isDFq nhIN Ausfr skIaF| ies df sbMD
AunHF pfrtIaF dy BfrqI smfj dy smuwcy nv-sMgTn bfry isDFq nfl vI hY|
pihlF
kimAUinst pfrtI dI 1943 dI muwZlI kFgrs ivc qy iPr 1945 ivc sMXukq pfrtI dy
ieiqhfskfr jI[ aiDkfrI dy 'pIpljL eyjL' (ijld 4, nM: 25) ivc Cpy iek inbMD
ivc ieh ikhf igaf: sfzI pfrtI df ieh idRVH ivsLvfs hY ik ivdysLI kMtrol qoN
mukq suqMqr Bfrq df sMgTn iqMn vwzy QMmHF Auqy Ausfrnf cfhIdf hY: pUrn
lokqMqr, sB kOmIaqF leI svY-insLicqqf,
(Self Determination)
aqy sfzy lokF dI byhqrI|
iesy
inbMD ivc, Bfrq dy nv-sMgTn leI kOmIaqF dI mfnvqf aDfr bxfAux qoN ibnF ieh
spwsLt kIqf igaf hY: hr kOmI XUint , suqMqr Bfrq ivc, Brfqrfnf aqy pRspr
eykqf nfl svY-ivkfs leI pUrI afjLfdI hovygI aqy Auh afpxI KudmuKiqafr styt
bxf skygf| ieh vI ikhf igaf ik KudmuKiqafr sMXukq ivDfn sBfvF nfl juVI kOm
eykqf hI hr kOm-iekfeI dI afjLfdI josL nfl surwiKaq kr skygI| ieh ivsLvfs
jLfihr kIqf igaf hY ik pRFqk PYzrysLn bxfAux vflIaF kOm-iekfeIaF iek dUjy dy
afriQk aqy rwiKaf ihwqF leI iek BfrqI sMgTn vI bxf lYxgIaF|
iesy
dsqfvyjL ivc kyNdrI pMjfb iswK homlYNz bxfAux df vfadf kIqf igaf| iswK
lokF iek swiBafcfrk aqy lok-ipRX kRFqI dI Aupj mMinaf igaf: iswK lok
iksfnI kbIilaF ivc sMgiTq hoey sn| ienHF ny afpxI BfsLf aqy pRyrxfqmk lok
sfihq rcy hn| ieh lok afpxy homlYNz ivc afpxI jIvn-sLYlI bcfAux leI lVy hn|
sfdI
BfsLf ivc ieh ikhf jf skdf hY ik Aus smyN dI sMXukq BfrqI kimAUinst pfrtI ny
iswKF iek aijhI kOmIaq mMinaf ijs kol afpxI BfsLf aqy swiBafcfr hn| iswKF
dy ivkfs leI pfrtI iek homlYNz mMnx leI iqafr sI| pfrtI df ieh ivsLvfs sI ik
ies pRogrfm nfl iswK pfrtI duafly juV jfxgy| ies nfl vfady aqy pRogrfm iek
aijhI 'ivAuNq' vI smiJaf igaf jo iswK sLkqI kFgrs aqy musilm lIg nfl
iBVfAux dI QF sfmrfj dy ivruwD vriqaf jf skygf|
Aus
vyly dI sMXukq BfrqI kimAUinst pfrtI dI Bfrq dy BivwK bfry idRsLtI , ijs
ivc kOm-iekfeIaF df afp muhfrf eykf klipaf igaf sI, kyvl iek 'ivAuNq' kihxf
bhuq Xog nhIN| kOm-iekfeIaF dy afp muhfry eyky vjoN Bfrq df sMgTn, pfrtI dI
Dfrnf njLr afAuNdf hY ikAuNik 24 PrvrI 1948 ivc hoeI dUjI kFgrs ivc ies
sMklp iPr duhrfieaf igaf| ies nfl sbMDq sLbd ies qrHF hn: kFgrs pfrtI dy
lIzrF ny (kOm-iekfeIaF) dy svY-insLicqqf aiDkfr df ivroD krky durgq krfAux
vflI vMz krvf leI hY| awj ieh lIzrisLp Pyr pRBuqf vflI burjuafjLI dy ihwqF
ivc mhFrfsLtr, kyrlf, qfiml dys afid dIaF rfsLtr-iekfeIaF dy svY-insLicqqf
aiDkfr qoN munkr ho ky jLurm kr rhI hY|
ies
soc anusfr kimAUinst pfrtI df vMz qoN pihlF dy pMjfb iek kOm-iekfeI mMnxf
aqy Aus df Aup-iekfeIaF ivc vMzxf aqy nfl hI AunHF leI vwKrIaF asYNblIaF
svIkfr krnf smJ afAuNdf hY| ieh vI smJxf aOKf nhIN ik pfrtI ikAuN iek ihwsy
ivc muslmfnF dI bhu-igxqI aqy iek ivc iswKF dI bhu-igxqI mMnx iqafr sI pr
ipCoN ieh kOm-iekfeIaF Auqy aDfirq inXm iblkul iqafg idwqf igaf| sI[pI[aYm[
dy hriksLn isMG surjIq ny afpxy iek 1985 ivc pRkfisLq pYNPilt 'pMjfb dy sbk'
ivc afpxy pfrtI dI phuMc qoN pMjfb sMkt dI ivafiKaf kridaF pMjfb bfry vMz
qoN pihlF dI kOm-iekfeIaF Auqy aDfirq Dfrnf glq aqy mOkfpRsq afiKaf hY|
sI[pI[afeI[ ny vI kOm-iekfeIaF Auqy aDfirq Bfrq dy sMgTn bfry sMklp
iqlFjlI dy idwqI hY| pMjfb kimAUinst pfrtI dy purfxy skwqr avqfr isMG
mlhoqrf vloN 1984 ivc pRkfisLq pYNPilt 'pMjfb df sMkt aqy ies df hwl' ivc
pMjfb dI ivafiKaf krn lwigaF kyvl iqMn nukqy sfhmxy rwKy hn: kFgrs aqy akflI
dl df ivroD, iPrkfpRsqI aqy dysLDRohI pRcfr| pfrtI pypr 'inAU eyj' dy ds
jnvrI 1988 ivc Cpy iek lyK 'pMjfb dI ivgVdI hflq' ivc vI ienHF iqMn nukiqaF
Auqy aDfirq ivsLlysLx hI kIqf hY|
dohF
kimAUinst pfrtIaF dI awj ieh Dfrnf hY ik Bfrq df aijhf nv-sMgTn ijs df aDfr
ivlwKx swiBafcfr aqy BfsLf vflIaF kOm-iekfeIaF hox, Kqrnfk hovygf| ies nfl
ikrqI jmfq vMzI jfvygI aqy kRFqI dIaF sMBfvnfvF Gwt jfxgIaF| ies leI
kimAUinst pfrtIaF df bl dysL dy eykqf aqy joV kfiem rwKx Auqy hY| ies
pRsMg ivc ieh koeI hYrfn krn vflI gwl nhIN hY ik dohF kimAUinst pfrtIaF dI
phuMc Aus kFgrs nfl imldI hY ijs Auqy vpfrI vrg aqy kuwJ jgIrU aMsL BfrU hn|
iehnF pfrtIaF vloN pMjfb dI ajokI hflq df jfiejLf ijnHF nukiqaF muwK rwK
ky ilaf jf irhf hY Auh hn: akflIaF aqy kFgrs dI glq nIqI, sfmrfjIaF dI mulk
asiQr krn dI cfl aqy 'iswK dihsLqpsMdF' shfieqf| 'pIpljL izmOkirsI' dy
10 jnvrI 1985 dy aMk ivc hrikRsLn isMG surjIq ny pMjfb bfry ilKidaF afiKaf
hY ik ieh mslf ivroDI pfrtIaF aqy lokF dy sLfsk vrg Auqy jLor pfAux nfl hwl
ho skdf hY| pr ies sbMD ivc koeI BivwKfrQI nIqI ijs ivc pMjfb df ivsLlysLx
iksy kOm-iekfeI dy ivsLfd mnmfnIaF BUgoilk sImfvF inXq krn dI glqI jF
rfsLtr-iekfeIaF Auqy aDfirq nf hoey Bfrq dy sMgTn nfl juiVaf hovy, surjIq dI
ilKq ivcoN gfieb hn|
ieQy
smJx vflI gwl ieh hY ik Bfrq dIaF dovyN rUVIgq kimAUinst pfrtIaF koeI aijhf
pRmfixk isDFq Ausfrn ivc asPl rhIaF hn ijs rfhIN sfzy dysL dIaF kOm-iekfeIaF
dIaF afsF pUrIaF ho skx| iesy kfrx ieh pfrtIaF pMjfb bfry vI ieQoN dy lokF,
ivsLysL krky pMjfbI swiBafcfrk iekfeI dy vcnbwD mYNbrF sMqusLt krn vflI
koeI Dfrnf nhIN dy skIaF| vMz qoN pihlF dI phuuMc iek pwKoN TIk sI| Aus ivc
pMjfb iek kOm-iekfeI, ijs awgoN do Aup-iekfeIaF ivc vMizaf jf skdf sI,
mMn ilaf igaf sI| ieh do Aup-iekfeI Auqr-pwCmI pMjfb (muslmfn pMjfbIaF dI
bhu-igxqI vflf) aqy kyNdrI pMjfb (iswK-pMjfbIaF dI bhuigxqI vflf) dyx df
vfadf sI| ies phuMc ivc glqI ieh sI ik do Aup-iekfeIaF dy isDFq nfl aDfr
Drm nfl vDyry joV idwqf sI| smuwcy pMjfb hI iek kOm-iekfeI dy Gr ivcoN
mMnxf TIk sI| sMXukq pMjfb iek pUrn kOm-iekfeI sI| Auh pfVnf Xog nhIN sI|
jy lokF dy jLor nfl kFgrs aqy musilm lIg , Drm dI QF kOm-iekfeIaF dI mukqI
vwl moiVaf jFdf qF dwKx-pUrbI eysLIaf df ajokf ieiqhfs hI hor huMdf|
vMz
qoN pihlF dI sMXukq BfrqI kimAUinst pfrtI dy Aupr dwsy dsqfvyjLF ivc, lYinn
dy pRBfv aDIn, BfsLfeI swiBafcfrF qF mMn ilaf igaf hY pr ies pMjfb Auqy
lfgU krn ivc glqI kIqI geI hY|
pr
hux jdoN ik pMjfbI kOm vMz ky pfiksqfnI pMjfb aqy BfrqI pMjfb vsfieaf jf
cuwkf hY, ies kOm df mslf hor gMBIr ho igaf hY| BfrqI pMjfb ivc, kFgrs dy
vpfrI aqy jgIrU sLfskF dy pRBfv aDIn, ihMdU bhuigxqI pMjfbI BfsLf aqy ies dy
bOiDk-swiBafcfrk jgq nfloN afpxf nfqf qoV cuwkI hY| nqIjy vjoN iswK pMjfbI
BfsLf aqy swiBafcfr dy iekwly alMbrdfr rih gey hn| ikAuNik ihMdU vrg ny, jo
Coty vxjkfrF df hY, afpxy-afp kyNdr dy sLfsk vrg nfl joV ilaf hY ies leI
Auh pMjfb dIaF AunHF swiBafcfrk aqy rfjsI mMgF nfl hmdrdI nhIN rwK skdf jo
iswKF, ivsLysL krky akflIaF, vwloN pysL kIqIaf jFdIaF hn|
akflI
BfvyN rfjsI swqf hiQafAux leI kuJ KyzF Kyzx jF AunHF ivc mOjUd jgIrU aMsL
keI vfr afpxy ihwqF dI rfKI leI iksy lihr vrqx qF vI ies gwl qoN ienkfr
nhIN kIqf jf skdf ik Auh pMjfbI kOm dIaF AunHF afsF-AumMgF sfhmxy
ilafAuNdy hn jo bVI isLwdq nfl iswK mwDlI aqy CotI iksfnI aqy kfrIgr jmfqF
ivc mOjUd hn|
Bfrq
dIaF dovyN kimAUinst pfrtIaF ibnF iksy sMg dy hux ieh qwQ mMn lYxf cfhIdf
hY ik pMjfbI kOm df arQ hux iswK pRBuqf jF pRDfnqf nfl juVy pMjfbI lok hn|
ijvyN ik AuWpr 1945 dy sRI jI[ aiDkfrI vloN ilKy gey kimAUinst pfrtI dy
dsqfvyjL ivc smiJaf igaf hY ik iswK iek Dfrimk iPrkf nhIN hn jo kyvl iek
pUjf pRbMD nfl juiVaf hoieaf hY| iswKF bfry aijhI Dfrnf pRcwilq krn vfly
brqfnvI sfmrfjI aqy kuJ jgIrU iswK srdfr sn jo jmfq vjoN sfmrfj dy ipwT-Toky
sn| gurU nfnk aqy gurU goibMd isMG dy ivcfrF anusfr sjy iswK iek vrx-ivroDI
aqy sfmpwKI smUh hn ijs ny jLflm mugLl pRbMD aqy vrx-pwKI bRfhmxvfd ivruwD
kRFqI ilaFdI| lok-sLkqI, kMm krn aqy vMz Ckx ivc XkIn rwKx vflf iswK smfijk
pRbMD afpxI iksm dI pihlI koisLsL sI ijs ny PrFsIsI ienklfb qoN vI pihlF iek
suqMqr aqy mukqI dyx vfly smfj dI JfkI ivKfeI| BfvyN iswK pRbMD ivc koeI
ivAuNqbwD afriQk sMgTn [[[[[[[[[ nhIN qF ies ivc mfrksI smfjvfd df iek
agfAUN Jlkfrf hY| Aus vyly klipaf aijhf iswK dfrsLink qy smfijk pRbMD kyvl
pMjfb dI pRiqBf hI sLrDFjlI nhIN sgoN BfrqI aqy Aus qoN AuWpr smwucI
iensfnI pRiqBf leI gOrv BrpUr pRfpqI hY|
ieh
suJfAuxf koeI JUTy aiBmfn vflI gwl nhIN ik pMjfbI kOm aqy ies dI sMrcnf iswK
kImqF nfl sbMiDq hox vjoN hI dyKy jf skdy hn| pMjfbI kOm df BivwK-muKI rUp
vI ies rOsLnI ivc dyKxf cfhIdf hY| ies kOm bfry aijhI pRqwKxf jF soc df ieh
arQ nhIN ik pMjfb dI DrqI Auqy jo vyd, Bgvq gIqf aqy sUPI kfiv rcy gey AunHF
dIaF idRsLtIaF iqafg idwqf jfvygf| sgoN iswK gurUaF dy sfihq aqy pMjfb dy
loKXfn ivc mOjUd pRikRqI nfl ieksurqf, krmXog aqy qIbr pRym Auqy bl ienHF
mhfn sroqF ivcoN hI afieaf hY| iswK gurUaF ny afpxI ieiqhfs-muKI zUMiGafeI
nfl pMjfbI cyqnqf hor ivkisq kIqf qy iek nvyN sMXog aqy mukq jIvn-sMgTn dI
sfjnf kIqI|
jy
pMjfbI kOm aqy ies dy nfl sbMDq cyqnqf hor awgy lY jfxf hY qF ieh iek nvyN
mfrksI smfjvfd dI shfieqf nfl hI ho skdf hY ijs df bl bRhmMzI sih-hoNd AuWqy
hovy| ies dI pRfpqI pRikRqI jF mnuwKF ijwqx nfl nhIN ho skdI sgoN AunHF
nfl iek-sur hox qoN hI sMBv hY| ies df arQ AunHF nfl inr-lwut irsLiqaF ivc
ijAuxf hY| pMjfbI kOm aqy ies dy jIvn ies idsLf ivc ivkisq krn leI ieh
jLrUrI hY ik ies kOm smJx aqy pirBfsLq krn leI ies dI BfsLf, bOiDk aqy
swiBafcfrk jgq aqy iswK gurUaF dI ilaFdI qbdIlI, ivsLysL krky pirvrqn
ilafAux vfly krm Auqy jLor afid jLrUrI qwQ mMinaf jfvy|
jy
Bfrq dIaF rUVHIgq kimAUinst pfrtIaF pMjfb dy msly hwl krn ivc gOrv BrpUr
ihwsf pfAuxf cfhuMdIaF hn qF AunHF clMq gwlF Auqy jLor dyx dI QF Bfrq dy
nv-sMgTn bfry koeI BivwK-muKI isDFq dyxf cfhIdf hY| joDpur dy kYdIaF dI
irhfeI, idwlI dMigaF dy dosLIaF sjLf dyxI afid jLrUrI pr qwqPwt msly hn|
kimAUinst pfrtIaF df ienHF msilaF Auqy jLor dyxf kfPI nhIN| AunHF vMz qoN
pihlF aqy 1948 ivc kOm-iekfeIaF dI pCfx aqy rfjF ienHF iekfeIaF dy Gr vjoN
sMgiTq krn dI Dfrnf vwl muVnf cfhIdf hY| ieh gwl bl nfl kihxI cfhIdI hY ik
Bfrq aijhy kOm-iekfeIaF aDfrq rfjF dI PYzrysLn jF knPYzrysLn bxy| ienHF
iekfeIaF KudmuKiqafrI df hwk hovy| eykqf afp-muhfrI hovy, lotU jmfq dI
QfpI hoeI nhIN| brqfnvI sfmrfj ny ieh eykqf afpxy ihwqF leI aqy afjLfdI qoN
ipCoN kFgrs dy vpfrI-jgIrU sLfsk vrg ny afpxy lotU ihwqF leI idRV kIqI hY|
iek aMdrUnI sfmrfj ajy vI kfiem hY| vwKo-vwKrIaF kOm-iekfeIaF dI pCfx Auqy
aDfirq BfrqI sMgTn hoNd ivc nhIN afieaf|
akflI
rfjnIqI aqy vwK-vwK smyN clfeIaF lihrF dy keI cMgy pwK sn ijvyN ik
gurduafiraF dI swiBafcfrk aqy rfjnIqk cyqnqf nfl krfeI mukqI, afjLfdI lihr
ivc pfieaf qIbr ihwsf afid| pr akflI rfjnIqI df jo nf-pwKI cirwqr hY ijvyN
ik pMQ Kqry ivc df nfarf dyxf, BfrqI lokqMqr bfry BY-BIq krn vflf njLrIaf
dyxf afid Auh kuJ ivgfV hn jo pMjfbI kOm dIaF afsF-AumMgF dy axpRPuwlq rihx
qoN hoNd ivc afey hn| brqfnvI ipwTUaF aqy kFgrsI burjuaf-jgIrU joV ny jo
pMjfbI ihMdUaF afpxI BfsLf aqy ies dy bOiDk swiBafcfrk jgq qoN munkr hox
leI jy nf AuqsLfihq kIqf huMdf qF akflIaF ivc ieh ivgfV nf AuBrdy| iswK
nOjvfn vI, afriQk kfrxF qoN ielfvf, pMjfbI kOm-iekfeI dIaF aDUrIaF aqy
apRvfinq afsF AumMgF dy nqIjy vjoN hI juJfrU bxy hn| pMjfbI ihMdU inmn-vpfrk
vrg aqy kyNdr dy vpfrI-jgIrU sLfskF ny rl ky pMjfbI kOm dy toty kIqy hn aqy
ies dy iek vcnbwD ihwsy afpxy-afp bcfAux leI kuJ axsuKfvyN kdm cuwkx leI
mjbUr kIqf hY|
ieh
iek Audfs krn vflI gwl hY ik pMjfb dy sMkt sbMDI dohF BfrqI kimAUinst
pfrtIaF df ivsLlysLx kFgrs (afeI) dy ivsLlysLx nfloN vwKrf nhIN| iqMny
pfrtIaF pMjfb dI siQqI kOm ivroDI sLkqIaF dI ivdysLI sfmrfjIaF dI
shfieqf nfl kIqI ihMsfqmk sLrfrq mMnx leI sFJ rwKdIaF hn| ies pujLIsLn ivc,
BfrqI kimAUinst pfrtIaF BfrqI vpfrk-jgIrU sLfsk gRoh df hwQTokf bx geIaF hn|
ies leI ieh koeI hYrfnI dI gwl nhIN ik ienHF pfrtIaF ny pMjfb dy gvrnr aqy
puils muKI dy iswK nOjvfnF pRqI gLYr-kfnI vqIry pRvfngI idwqI hY| hflFik
kfn anusfr hr ivakqI dosL sfbq hox qk indosLf hY| iek kfql vI mukwdmf
clf ky hI sjLf idwqI jf skdI hY|
pMjfb
dy msly df hwl iswK nOjvfnF aijhIaF dysL jF kOm ivroDI qfkqF jo eykqf
aqy aKMzqf Kqrf hn, kih ky nhIN ho skdf| TIk smJ leI iswK nOjvfnF dy vqIry
iek kOm dIaF axpRPuwilq aqy apRvfn afsF-AumMMgF df ivsLfdI pRqIk mMnxf
cfhIdf hY| ieh nOjvfn qd hI ijwqy jf skdy hn jy kOm-iekfeIaF BfrqI
nv-sMgTn df afDfr mnfAux leI iek ivsLfl lok lihr clfeI jfvy| AunHF lotU
qfkqF nfl lVn dI loV hY ijnHF ny pMjfbI kOm dy toty krvfey hn qF ik AunHF dy
afpxy lotU aqy sfmrfjI lKsL pUry ho skx| ieh kyvl pMjfb dy pRsMg ivc nhIN
hor rfjF ivc vI vfpr irhf hY ijvyN ik nfgflYNz, iqRpurf, mnIpur, mIjLorm
afid| ienHF kOm-iekfeIaF leI smfjvfdI mukqI dI lihr hI iswK nOjvfnF dy mnF
iKwc skdI hY ikAuN ieh nOjvfn ijs bhfdrI aqy inaF Auqy bl dyx vfly sfihq nfl
ply hn Aus leI aijhI lihr hI sLkqI jutfAux df sfDn bx skdI hY|
jy Bfrq dIaF vwK-vwK kOm iekfeIaF
dy ivicwqr ivrsy sucwjy aqy suikRafvMq ZMg nfl sMBflxf hY aqy smfjvfdI
qbdIlI aqy Aus dy isDFq leI Bfrq dy pRsMg ivc, hr rfj dy lokF dI ivlwKxqf
sfhmxy rwKxf jLrUrI hY| sLfsk vrg df sfzy rfjF iek byikrk mMzI bxfAux leI
qihs-nihs dy rfh Auqy cwlxf axvMgfiraf nhIN jfxf cfhIdf| ies mMqv leI sfzy
lokF do-pwKI luwt aqy dmn (afriQk aqy swiBafcfrk) vwl jfgirq rwKxf jLrUrI
hY| ies do-pwKI cyqnqf nfl hI Bfrq ivc lokqMqrI ienklfb awgy vDfieaf jf
skdf hY| BfrqI kimAUinst pfrtIaF ieh kMm CyqI krnf cfhIdf qy kFgrs dy Aus
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